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阶段汇总集合:
一、前言
因为这次面试有问到一些同学finally的问题,发现自己这块好像有点记不太清楚了,有的点可能还给人家说错了,一度弄得场面有些尴尬。所以说这篇文章深入研究一下finally的执行情况和返回值的情况。
二、finally一定会执行吗?
先给答案:肯定不是。
我们可以看两种情况:
1.在执行try块之前直接return,我们发现finally块是不会执行的
public class TryCatchTest {
private static int total() {
int i = 11;
if (i == 11) {
return i;
}
try {
System.out.println("执行try");
} finally {
System.out.println("执行finally");
}
return 0;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("执行main:" + total());
}
}
输出结果:
执行main:11
复制代码</code></p></pre>
<h5 style='margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>2.在执行try块之前制造一个错误,直接爆红</h5>
<p style='max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>
</p>
<section mpa-preserve="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style='max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>
<pre style="max-width: 100%;background: none;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code style="margin-right: 0.15em;margin-left: 0.15em;padding: 5.95px;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 4px;font-size: 0.85em;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);display: block;overflow-x: auto;white-space: nowrap;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">public class TryCatchTest {
private static int total() {
return 1 / 0;
try {
System.out.println("执行try");
} finally {
System.out.println("执行finally");
}
return 0;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("执行main:" + total());
}
}
综上我们看出,如果程序连try块都执行不到,那么finally块自然就不会执行到了。
不过这里有的同学就会问:如果执行了try块,finally块一定会执行吗?有的同学答案就是一定会,其实非然,看看下面的例子吧:
public class TryCatchTest {
private static int total() {
try {
System.out.println("执行try");
System.exit(0);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("执行catch");
} finally {
System.out.println("执行finally");
}
return 0;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("执行main:" + total());
}
}
输出结果:
执行try
</code></p></pre>
我们在执行try块之中退出jvm,就没事了,都不执行了。当然这个情况是比较极端的,记住就行,没事不要乱整这个。最后总结一下:**不管是给try块中造了个异常,还是在try块中进行return,我们发现finally块还是会执行的。因为异常处理设计初衷就是让finally块始终执行**。这个总结在finally的执行时机得到证明。
<h2 style='margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>**三、finally执行时机探讨**</h2>
首先看常规情况:
<section mpa-preserve="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style='max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>
<pre style="max-width: 100%;background: none;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code style="margin-right: 0.15em;margin-left: 0.15em;padding: 5.95px;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 4px;font-size: 0.85em;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);display: block;overflow-x: auto;white-space: nowrap;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">public class TryCatchTest {
private static int total() {
try {
System.out.println("执行try");
return 11;
} finally {
System.out.println("执行finally");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("执行main:" + total());
}
}
输出结果:
执行try
执行finally
执行main:11
</code></p></pre>
分析一下,不难得出在这个例子中**finally块执行在try块的return之前**。我们给try块中造一个异常:
<section mpa-preserve="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style='max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>
<pre style="max-width: 100%;background: none;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code style="margin-right: 0.15em;margin-left: 0.15em;padding: 5.95px;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 4px;font-size: 0.85em;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);display: block;overflow-x: auto;white-space: nowrap;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">public class TryCatchTest {
private static int total() {
try {
System.out.println("执行try");
return 1 / 0;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("执行catch");
return 11;
} finally {
System.out.println("执行finally");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("执行main:" + total());
}
}
输出结果:
执行try
执行catch
执行finally
执行main:11
</code></p></pre>
同样的,**finally执行在catch块return的执行前**。
<h2 style='margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>**四、finally块中的返回值**</h2>
<p style='max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>
</p>
<h5 style='margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>1.finally块不含返回值,但是做改变变量值的操作</h5>
看一个例子:
<section mpa-preserve="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style='max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>
<pre style="max-width: 100%;background: none;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code style="margin-right: 0.15em;margin-left: 0.15em;padding: 5.95px;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 4px;font-size: 0.85em;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);display: block;overflow-x: auto;white-space: nowrap;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">public class TryCatchTest {
private static int total() {
int i = 0;
try {
System.out.println("执行try:" + i);
return i;
} finally {
++i;
System.out.println("执行finally:" + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("执行main:" + total());
}
}
输出结果:
执行try:0
执行finally:1
执行main:0
</code></p></pre>
如果看完前面分析,会发现跟想象的不太一样。我们经过前面的分析,finally块的执行时机应该是return之前,那理论上我们应该先`++i`使得`i等于1`,在执行`return i;` 自然会返回1。
可是结果却返回了0,这是因为Java程序会把try或者catch块中的返回值保留,也就是暂时的确认了返回值,然后再去执行finally代码块中的语句。等到finally代码块执行完毕后,如果finally块中没有返回值的话,就把之前保留的返回值返回出去。
<h5 style='margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>2.finally中含有返回值</h5>
示例1:
<section mpa-preserve="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style='max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>
<pre style="max-width: 100%;background: none;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code style="margin-right: 0.15em;margin-left: 0.15em;padding: 5.95px;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 4px;font-size: 0.85em;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);display: block;overflow-x: auto;white-space: nowrap;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">public class TryCatchTest {
private static int total() {
try {
System.out.println("执行try");
return 1;
} finally {
System.out.println("执行finally");
return 2;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("执行main:" + total());
}
}
输出结果:
执行try
执行finally
执行main:2
</code></p></pre>
<hr style='max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>
示例2:
<section mpa-preserve="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style='max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>
<pre style="max-width: 100%;background: none;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code style="margin-right: 0.15em;margin-left: 0.15em;padding: 5.95px;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 4px;font-size: 0.85em;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);display: block;overflow-x: auto;white-space: nowrap;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">public class TryCatchTest {
private static int total() {
int i = 1;
try {
System.out.println("执行try:" + i);
return i;
} finally {
++i;
System.out.println("执行finally:" + i);
return i;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("执行main:" + total());
}
}
输出结果:
执行try:1
执行finally:2
执行main:2
</code></p></pre>
<hr style='max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-right-width: 0px;border-bottom-width: 0px;border-left-width: 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>
示例3:
<section mpa-preserve="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style='max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;'>
<pre style="max-width: 100%;background: none;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code style="margin-right: 0.15em;margin-left: 0.15em;padding: 5.95px;max-width: 100%;border-radius: 4px;font-size: 0.85em;background: rgb(248, 248, 248);display: block;overflow-x: auto;white-space: nowrap;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">public class TryCatchTest {
private static int total() {
int i = 1;
try {
System.out.println("执行try:" + i);
} finally {
++i;
System.out.println("执行finally:" + i);
}
return i;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("执行main:" + total());
}
}
执行结果:
执行try:1
执行finally:2
执行main:2
这三个示例都说明了一点,在分析含有finally块的方法返回值时,要对于return出现的地方进行具体分析。在finally块中进行return操作的话,则方法整体的返回值就是finally块中的return返回值。如果在finally块之后的方法内return,则return的值就是进行完上面的操作后的return值。
来源:juejin.im/post/5ec2993fe51d45209d437387
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