【加精】Spring全家桶系列–SpringBoot入门Redis

//本文作者：cuifuan

//本文将收录到菜单栏：《Spring全家桶》专栏中

 

首先，Redis是什么？

Redis是一个开源的，基于内存的键值数据存储，用作数据库，缓存和消息代理。在实现方面，Key-Value存储代表NoSQL空间中最大和最老的成员之一。Redis支持数据结构，如字符串，散列，列表，集和带范围查询的有序集。
 
在spring data redis的框架，可以很容易地编写，通过提供一个抽象的数据存储使用Redis的键值存储的Spring应用程序。 非关系型数据库，基于内存，存取数据的速度不是关系型数据库所能比拟的 redis是键值对(key-value)的数据库

有5中主要数据类型：

- 字符串类型 string - 散列类型 hash - 列表类型 list - 集合类型 set - 有序集合类型 zset

redis缓存为啥速度快

这么说吧，别人问你什么是“redis”，如果你知道，你可以直接吧啦吧啦一大堆，其实这个时候你的大脑就类似redis缓存，别人问的“redis”就是key，你说出来的结果就是value，而你如果不知道，你就去上网查，然后再告诉别人，这就类似于查询数据库了，你查了再告诉别人当然慢了！
你把脑袋里的东西写进笔记就类似redis持久化保存了；
你过了两个月把这玩意忘了，就是redis的定期删除了；
引自：https://blog.csdn.net/angleflyyy/article/details/81627785

准备工作

项目工具环境：

- IDEA 2018.2 - Gradle 4+ - JDK1.8以上 - redis服务器

你把脑袋里的东西写进笔记就类似redis持久化保存了；

引自：https://blog.csdn.net/angleflyyy/article/details/81627785

设置Redis服务器

redis下载地址：https://redis.io/download

如果你的电脑是Mac：

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brew install redis

brew install redis

然后运行redis服务器

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cuifuandeMacBook-Pro:~ cuifuan$ redis-server25336:C 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.490 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo25336:C 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.490 # Redis version=5.0.2, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=25336, just started25336:C 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.490 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf25336:M 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.491 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 256).                _._                                                             _.-``__ ''-._                                                   _.-``    `.  `_.  ''-._           Redis 5.0.2 (00000000/0) 64 bit  .-`` .-```.  ```\/    _.,_ ''-._                                    (    '      ,       .-`  | `,    )     Running in standalone mode |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'|     Port: 6379 |    `-._   `._    /     _.-'    |     PID: 25336  `-._    `-._  `-./  _.-'    _.-'                                    |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                   |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |           http://redis.io          `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                    |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                   |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |                                    `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                         `-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'                                                 `-._        _.-'                                                         `-.__.-'                                                25336:M 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.492 # Server initialized25336:M 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.492 * Ready to accept connections

cuifuandeMacBook-Pro:~ cuifuan$ redis-server
25336:C 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.490 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
25336:C 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.490 # Redis version=5.0.2, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=25336, just started
25336:C 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.490 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
25336:M 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.491 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 256).
.
.-``_ ‘’-._
.-`` . . ‘’-._ Redis 5.0.2 (00000000/0) 64 bit
.- .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._ ( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode |`-._`-...-` __...-.-.|’ _.-'| Port: 6379 | -._ ._ / _.-' | PID: 25336 -._ -._ -./ _.-‘ _.-‘
|`-. -._ -..-‘ .-‘.-‘|
| -._-. .-‘.-‘ | http://redis.io
-._ -. -.__.-'_.-' _.-' |-. -._ -._.-‘ .-‘.-‘|
| -._-. .-‘.-‘ |
-._ -. -.__.-'_.-' _.-' -. -.__.-' _.-' -. _.-‘
`-.__.-‘

25336:M 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.492 # Server initialized
25336:M 29 Nov 2018 14:53:42.492 * Ready to accept connections

初始化项目

现在去Spring开始界面初始化一个项目

这里选择的是Gradle,选择完成点击Generate Projrct生成项目，这个时候会自动下载一个压缩包给你，解压过后导入，导入IDEA教程：http://note.youdao.com/noteshare?id=74e2d65e2d22cd684c3fdd6695b3ecdf

Gradle 依赖管理

让我们在build.gradle中为我们正在构建的示例应用程序声明必要的依赖项

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buildscript {    repositories {        maven { url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/' }    }    dependencies {        classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:2.1.0.RELEASE")    }} apply plugin: 'java-library'apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management' group = 'com.example'version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'sourceCompatibility = 1.8 repositories {    maven { url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/' }} dependencies {    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa'    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-redis'    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'    implementation 'mysql:mysql-connector-java'    implementation 'org.projectlombok:lombok'    implementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-pool2:2.4.2'    implementation 'com.alibaba:fastjson:1.2.51'    testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'}

buildscript {
repositories {
maven { url ‘http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/' }
}
dependencies {
classpath(“org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:2.1.0.RELEASE”)
}
}

apply plugin: ‘java-library’
apply plugin: ‘org.springframework.boot’
apply plugin: ‘io.spring.dependency-management’

group = ‘com.example’
version = ‘0.0.1-SNAPSHOT’
sourceCompatibility = 1.8

repositories {
maven { url ‘http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/' }
}

dependencies {
implementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa’
implementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-redis’
implementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web’
implementation ‘mysql:mysql-connector-java’
implementation ‘org.projectlombok:lombok’
implementation ‘org.apache.commons:commons-pool2:2.4.2’
implementation ‘com.alibaba:fastjson:1.2.51’
testImplementation ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test’
}

开始使用

凭借着SpringBoot的开箱即用的特点，集成Redis也不例外

• redisTemplate.opsForValue();//操作字符串
• redisTemplate.opsForHash();//操作hash
• redisTemplate.opsForList();//操作list
• redisTemplate.opsForSet();//操作set
• redisTemplate.opsForZSet();//操作有序set

 

在Spring的测试类中开始使用：

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redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("username","test");

redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(“username”,”test”);

执行过后发现存在redis中的数据：

是乱的，是因为在set后redis会序列化key和value，所以我们要在config中重写一下redisTemplate

src/main/java/com/example/springbootredisdemo/config/RedisConfig.java

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package com.example.springbootredisdemo.config; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericToStringSerializer;import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer;import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer; @Configurationpublic class RedisConfig {     private final RedisTemplate redisTemplate;     @Autowired    public RedisConfig(RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {        this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;    }     @Bean    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")    public RedisTemplateString, Object redisTemplate() {        RedisSerializerString stringSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();        RedisSerializerObject jsonString = new GenericToStringSerializer(Object.class);        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(stringSerializer);        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(jsonString);        redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(stringSerializer);        redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(jsonString);        return redisTemplate;    } }

package com.example.springbootredisdemo.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericToStringSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {

private final RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

@Autowired
public RedisConfig(RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {
    this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
}

@Bean
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public RedisTemplateString, Object redisTemplate() {
    RedisSerializerString stringSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();
    RedisSerializerObject jsonString = new GenericToStringSerializer(Object.class);
    redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(stringSerializer);
    redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(jsonString);
    redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(stringSerializer);
    redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(jsonString);
    return redisTemplate;
}

}

再去执行一下刚刚的方法

经过自定义的序列化之后可以了，没有乱码了

opsForList()添加操作

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@Test    public void CsetListRedis(){        ListString trap = new ArrayList();        trap.add("张三");        trap.add("张无忌");        trap.add("新垣结衣");        //循环向userlist左添加值        trap.forEach(value-redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("userlist",value));        //向userlist右添加值        redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush("userlist","rightValue");        log.info("userlist-{}",redisTemplate.opsForList().range("userlist",0,10));    }

@Test
public void CsetListRedis(){
ListString trap = new ArrayList();
trap.add(“张三”);
trap.add(“张无忌”);
trap.add(“新垣结衣”);
//循环向userlist左添加值
trap.forEach(value-redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(“userlist”,value));
//向userlist右添加值
redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush(“userlist”,”rightValue”);
log.info(“userlist-{}”,redisTemplate.opsForList().range(“userlist”,0,10));
}

opsForList()删除操作

1234

@Test    public void DlistRedisRemove(){        redisTemplate.opsForList().remove("userlist",0,"张无忌");    }

@Test
public void DlistRedisRemove(){
redisTemplate.opsForList().remove(“userlist”,0,”张无忌”);
}

通过源码看这里有三个参数：

key 对应的是redis中存的key值

count 正数就是从左边开始删除 负数是从右面 例如-1就从右删除第一个值为value的，0代表删除全部值为value的

value 就是需要从list移除的值

opsForSet()添加操作

利用了set值的不可重复

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@Test    public void CsetRedis(){        ListString trap = new ArrayList();        trap.add("张三");        trap.add("里斯");        trap.add("里斯");        trap.add("张无忌");        trap.add("新垣结衣");        System.out.print(trap.toString());        //循环向userlist左添加值        trap.forEach(value-redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("userSet",value));        log.info("取出userSet-{}",redisTemplate.opsForSet().members("userSet"));    }

@Test
public void CsetRedis(){
ListString trap = new ArrayList();
trap.add(“张三”);
trap.add(“里斯”);
trap.add(“里斯”);
trap.add(“张无忌”);
trap.add(“新垣结衣”);
System.out.print(trap.toString());
//循环向userlist左添加值
trap.forEach(value-redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(“userSet”,value));
log.info(“取出userSet-{}”,redisTemplate.opsForSet().members(“userSet”));
}

结果

符合了Set集合的无序和不可重复性

opsForSet()的删除操作

这个删除操作就比较容易了，直接根据set的key值，后面参数写其需要删除的value就可以

 

1234

@Test    public void EsetRedisRemove(){        redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove("userSet","张无忌");    }

@Test
public void EsetRedisRemove(){
redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove(“userSet”,”张无忌”);
}

opsForHash()操作

 

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//opsForHash()操作    @Test    public void FhashRedisAdd(){        //添加        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","phone",10086);        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","address","Shanghai");        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","del","mubaba");        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","dada","达达");        //修改        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","address","Beijing");        //删除        redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete("user","del","dada");    }

//opsForHash()操作
@Test
public void FhashRedisAdd(){
//添加
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(“user”,”phone”,10086);
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(“user”,”address”,”Shanghai”);
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(“user”,”del”,”mubaba”);
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(“user”,”dada”,”达达”);
//修改
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(“user”,”address”,”Beijing”);
//删除
redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(“user”,”del”,”dada”);
}

 

结果

测试类SpringbootRedisDemoApplicationTests

src/test/java/com/example/springbootredisdemo/SpringbootRedisDemoApplicationTests.java

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package com.example.springbootredisdemo; import com.example.springbootredisdemo.service.NovelService;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List; //根据测试方法名字搞定执行顺序@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTest@Slf4jpublic class SpringbootRedisDemoApplicationTests {     @Autowired    private NovelService novelService;     @Autowired    private RedisTemplateString,Object redisTemplate;     private final static String KEY = "username";    private final static String VALUE = "test";      @Test    public void AstringRedis(){        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(KEY,VALUE);        log.info("string set存储:{}-{}",KEY,VALUE);        redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(KEY);        log.info("string 根据{}取出{}",KEY,VALUE);    }     @Test    public void BlistRedis(){        ListString trap = new ArrayList();        trap.add("张三");        trap.add("张三");        trap.add("张无忌");        trap.add("新垣结衣");        //循环向userlist左添加值        trap.forEach(value-redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("userlist",value));//        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPushAll("userlist",trap);        //向userlist右添加值        redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush("userlist","rightValue");        //取出userlist的值        log.info("userlist-{}",redisTemplate.opsForList().range("userlist",0,10));    }     @Test    public void CsetRedis(){        ListString trap = new ArrayList();        trap.add("张三");        trap.add("里斯");        trap.add("里斯");        trap.add("张无忌");        trap.add("新垣结衣");        System.out.print(trap.toString());        //循环向userlist左添加值        trap.forEach(value-redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("userSet",value));        log.info("取出userSet-{}",redisTemplate.opsForSet().members("userSet"));    }     @Test    public void DlistRedisRemove(){        redisTemplate.opsForList().remove("userlist",0,"张无忌");    }      @Test    public void EsetRedisRemove(){        redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove("userSet","张无忌");    }     //opsForHash()操作    @Test    public void FhashRedisAdd(){        //添加        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","phone",10086);        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","address","Shanghai");        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","del","mubaba");        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","dada","达达");        //修改        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","address","Beijing");        //删除        redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete("user","del","dada");    }}

package com.example.springbootredisdemo;

import com.example.springbootredisdemo.service.NovelService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//根据测试方法名字搞定执行顺序
@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@Slf4j
public class SpringbootRedisDemoApplicationTests {

@Autowired
private NovelService novelService;

@Autowired
private RedisTemplateString,Object redisTemplate;

private final static String KEY = "username";
private final static String VALUE = "test";


@Test
public void AstringRedis(){
    redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(KEY,VALUE);
    log.info("string set存储:{}-{}",KEY,VALUE);
    redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(KEY);
    log.info("string 根据{}取出{}",KEY,VALUE);
}

@Test
public void BlistRedis(){
    ListString trap = new ArrayList();
    trap.add("张三");
    trap.add("张三");
    trap.add("张无忌");
    trap.add("新垣结衣");
    //循环向userlist左添加值
    trap.forEach(value-redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("userlist",value));

// redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPushAll(“userlist”,trap);
//向userlist右添加值
redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush(“userlist”,”rightValue”);
//取出userlist的值
log.info(“userlist-{}”,redisTemplate.opsForList().range(“userlist”,0,10));
}

@Test
public void CsetRedis(){
    ListString trap = new ArrayList();
    trap.add("张三");
    trap.add("里斯");
    trap.add("里斯");
    trap.add("张无忌");
    trap.add("新垣结衣");
    System.out.print(trap.toString());
    //循环向userlist左添加值
    trap.forEach(value-redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("userSet",value));
    log.info("取出userSet-{}",redisTemplate.opsForSet().members("userSet"));
}

@Test
public void DlistRedisRemove(){
    redisTemplate.opsForList().remove("userlist",0,"张无忌");
}


@Test
public void EsetRedisRemove(){
    redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove("userSet","张无忌");
}

//opsForHash()操作
@Test
public void FhashRedisAdd(){
    //添加
    redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","phone",10086);
    redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","address","Shanghai");
    redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","del","mubaba");
    redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","dada","达达");
    //修改
    redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("user","address","Beijing");
    //删除
    redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete("user","del","dada");
}

}

小知识

方法名字前加ABCD…是为了让方法有执行顺序，根据测试方法名字搞定执行顺序，在方法上加注解 @FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)

日志注解@Slf4j是为了让日志书写更方便

1234

//之前写日志   log.info("输出a"+index+"b"); //现在 log.info("输出a{}b",index);

//之前写日志
log.info(“输出a”+index+”b”);
//现在
log.info(“输出a{}b”,index);

多个参数可以用多个{},总之，喜欢哪个用哪个，谢谢！

码云代码地址

https://gitee.com/cuifuan/SpringBoot

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