SpringBoot提供了内嵌Servlet容器并且提供了非常简单的应用启动方式-SpringApplication#run()
在任意的main方法中使用SpringApplication#run()即可完成应用的引导和启动.
那么接下来为大家介绍一下它是如何启动的、它都做了些什么.
默认情况下引导和启动应用的步骤如下:
大多数情况下我们在main方法中是这样引导和启动应用的:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
}
你还可以创建SpringApplication实例,并调用run方法. 你还可以直接使用SpringApplication中的main方法启动
通过SpringApplication的静态run方法,那我们接着来看下这个静态方法做了什么
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class?[] primarySources,String[] args) {
return new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args);
}
没错~它创建了一个SpringApplication实例并调用了实例中的公有run方法,并将main方法的参数传递过去(这些参数将会用来运行CommandLineRunner beans)
我们进去实例方法中看一下做了什么
public SpringApplication(Class?... primarySources) {
this(null, primarySources);
}
这是一个重载函数,它最终会进入
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class?... primarySources) {
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
在第5行我们可以看到上面提到过的应用类型推断函数WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath(),具体是如何进行推断的如下
static WebApplicationType deduceFromClasspath() {
if (ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)
&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBMVC_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)
&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(JERSEY_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)) {
return WebApplicationType.REACTIVE;
}
for (String className : SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES) {
if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
return WebApplicationType.NONE;
}
}
return WebApplicationType.SERVLET;
}
例如其中的 WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS ,它的值是
org.springframework.web.reactive.DispatcherHandler
,也就是说系统去尝试加载此类以及其依赖类,如果加载不成功那么它就不是此应用类型
我们在回到SpringApplication的重载函数观察第6、7行, getSpringFactoriesInstances 是根据指定的类类型从META/INF/spring.factories加载bean,也就是说第6、7行加载了初始化类以及监听器,为了更加直观,下面给出spring.factories文件
# Application Context Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=
org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,
org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,
org.springframework.boot.web.context.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer
# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=
org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener
我们在回到SpringApplication的重载函数观察第8行,它从stack trace中推断main方法所在的类并加载返回,至此SpringApplication构造器已经完成它的工作,在前面提到的SpringApplication静态run方法中已经完成了构造,紧接着就是调用了公用run方法
方法中多次调用类中他处方法,所以没法通过添加注释说明,导致篇幅可能会有点长或者需要来回滚动,不过主要方法处设置了锚链接,你可以点击跳转.在非run方法中以注释说明,防止结构复杂
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();//用来计时的
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
CollectionSpringBootExceptionReporter exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,applicationArguments);
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);// 打印Banner用的对象
context = createApplicationContext();
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);// 从spring.facroties加载了 Error Reporters
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,printedBanner);
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
stopWatch.stop();// 表停了
if (this.logStartupInfo) {// 记日志
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
listeners.started(context);
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
listeners.running(context);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
首先在第4行创建了用来返回的可配置应用上下文对象 ConfigurableApplicationContext
在第7行处从spring.factories加载了所有runListeners
# Run Listeners
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=
org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener
只有一个,从名字可以看出来它是干嘛用的,没错,用来发布事件用的,继承了SpringRunApplicationListener,内部有类 SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster 用来多路广播事件,事件如下:
请注意此处的广播事件排序,在run方法启动时会以此顺序发布事件,当然除了fail以外,接下来的分析中将会贯穿这个流程
接着分析run方法
刚看完SpringApplicationRunListeners,紧接着run方法第8行我们就发现立刻调用了starting()方法发布了 ApplicationStartingEvent ,这就对应了我们刚刚说到的starting调用时机,Called immediately when the run method has first started. Can be used for very early initialization.
@Override
public void starting() {
this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(new ApplicationStartingEvent(this.application, this.args));
}
// 其他事件发布方法同理,不同的只是 事件对象 ,比如这里是ApplicationStartingEvent
之后在run方法第11行调用 prepareEnvironment() 创建了应用环境对象,我们来看一下
private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
// 创建和配置应用环境
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment();
configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
// 发布enviromentPrepared事件,对应事件顺序2,也就是说环境已经准备完毕,上下文被创建之前
listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);
// 将应用环境绑定到SpringApplication
bindToSpringApplication(environment);
if (!this.isCustomEnvironment) {
environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader())
.convertEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment, deduceEnvironmentClass());
}
ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
return environment;
}
run方法第14行调用了 createApplicationContext() 方法根据应用类型创建了对应的默认应用上下文对象,如 SERVLET 类型将创建
org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
Class? contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
if (contextClass == null) {
try {
switch (this.webApplicationType) {
case SERVLET:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
case REACTIVE:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
default:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
}
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Unable create a default ApplicationContext, "
+ "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
ex);
}
}
return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}
run方法第16行调用了 prepareContext() 方法,如下:
private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
context.setEnvironment(environment);// 填充应用环境到上下文
postProcessApplicationContext(context);// 应用上下文后处理
applyInitializers(context);// 运行所有实现了ApplicationContextInitializer的bean(在构造函数中从spring.factories中加载过,也可添加自己的,通过addInitializers方法)
listeners.contextPrepared(context);// 发布contextPrepared事件,对应事件顺序3
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
logStartupProfileInfo(context);
}
// Add boot specific singleton beans
// 注册在run方法中创建了的 ApplicationArguments 的单例
context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments",applicationArguments);
if (printedBanner != null) {
// 注册 Bannner 的单例
context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
}
// Load the sources
SetObject sources = getAllSources();// getAllSource方法返回primarySources(比如静态run方法的入参一)以及sources(应用环境Enviroment中的PropertySource)
Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
listeners.contextLoaded(context);// 发布contextLoaded事件,对应事件顺序4
}
run方法第17行调用了 refreshContext() 方法,如下:
private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
refresh(context);// 其实调用了应用上下文对象的refresh方法,里面做了很多事情
//如发布上下文更新事件
if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
try {
context.registerShutdownHook();// 注册应用关闭钩子,用于清理资源,调用AbstractApplicationContext#doClose()
}
catch (AccessControlException ex) {
// Not allowed in some environments.
}
}
}
run方法第18行调用了 afterRefresh() 方法,如下:
// 没有默认实现,你可以继承此类并override此方法,比如下下面
// 你可以考虑override更多的方法,来实现自己的逻辑或者控制
protected void afterRefresh(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
ApplicationArguments args) {
}
public class MySpringApplication extends SpringApplication {
private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(MySpringApplication.class);
@Override
protected void afterRefresh(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
super.afterRefresh(context, args);
logger.info("[Spring application refreshed]");
}
public MySpringApplication(Class?... primarySources) {
super(primarySources);
}
}
run方法第24行发布了 ApplicationStartedEvent 事件,listeners.started(context);,对应事件顺序5
run方法第25行调用了 callRunners() 方法,如下:
private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
// 调用所有的CommandLineRunners和ApplicationRunners
ListObject runners = new ArrayList();
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet(runners)) {
if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args);
}
if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args);
}
}
}
run方法第33行发布了 ApplicationReadyEvent 事件,listeners.running(context);对应事件顺序6
最后没错的话返回上下文对象,应用启动完毕.
文中提到的ApplicationContextInitializer
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
public class ApplicationContextInit implements ApplicationContextInitializer {
private final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(ApplicationContextInit.class);
/**
* spring.factories文件中定义了一系列PropertySource Loaders/Run Listeners/Error Reporters/
* Application Context Initializers/Application Listeners/Environment Post Processors/
* Failure Analyzers/FailureAnalysisReporters
* 1.可以将此类加在spring.factories中的Application Context Initializers后启用(对所有应用生效)
* 2.calling addInitializers() on SpringApplication before run it(对当前应用生效)
* 3.通过配置context.initializer.classes(对当前应用生效)
* 以上配置适用于listeners
*
* @param configurableApplicationContext
*/
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = configurableApplicationContext.getEnvironment();
MapString, Object systemEnvironment = environment.getSystemEnvironment();
for (Map.EntryString, Object entry : systemEnvironment.entrySet()) {
logger.info(entry.getKey() + ":" + entry.getValue());
}
}
}
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